Seed Germination and Early Plant Growth
Introduction
A seed contains a young plant in a resting state. When conditions are right, the seed begins to grow. This process is called germination.
Conditions Needed for Germination
Most seeds require:
- Water – activates enzymes
- Oxygen – for respiration
- Suitable temperature – warmth speeds up chemical reactions
Some seeds also require light, while others germinate best in darkness.
Stages of Germination
- The seed absorbs water and swells
- The seed coat breaks open
- The root (radicle) emerges first
- The shoot grows upward and produces leaves
Importance of Germination
Germination allows plants to:
- Reproduce
- Spread to new areas
- Maintain plant populations in ecosystems and agriculture
Summary
Germination marks the beginning of a plant’s life cycle. Understanding this process is important in farming, gardening, and ecology.