Pollination and Fertilisation in Flowering Plants

Introduction
Flowering plants reproduce through pollination and fertilisation. These processes allow plants to produce seeds and continue their species.

What Is Pollination?
Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from the anther (male part) to the stigma (female part) of a flower. It can occur through:

• Insects (bees, butterflies)
• Birds
• Wind
• Water

Fertilisation
After pollination, a pollen tube grows down to the ovule. Fertilisation occurs when the male gamete fuses with the female gamete to form a zygote, which develops into a seed.

Importance of Pollinators
Pollinators play a major role in food production. Many crops depend on insects for successful reproduction.

Summary
Pollination and fertilisation are essential steps in plant reproduction and are vital for biodiversity and agriculture.